Please scout here, aspect at the LIGO Twitter account, LIGO spider web pages close the event (news, detection, chirp sound), together with read a Nature paper or the paper on GRB 170817A inwards Physical Review Letters that was released precisely when the press conference began:
LIGO detected the collision first. Sadly, Virgo saw nothing. So they turned this fact into a virtue together with concluded that the effect had to last unopen plenty to ane of the blind spots of Virgo.
What's novel is that this merger of neutron stars could receive got been detected both yesteryear the gravitational waves and the electromagnetic waves. The latter, electromagnetic detection was from Fermi-GBM equally good equally lxx observatories across the world. The electromagnetic wiggles came at all frequencies humans monitor.
Ms Cordova said "Oops, I did it again". She failed to cite Britney Spears.
David Reitze continued to talk. The collision took house on August 17th. Reitz showed a stolen golden scout together with boasted that – he believes – the gilt inwards it (just similar uranium etc.) was produced inwards a similar merger of neutron stars, perchance some billions of years ago. In this event, these elements are produced yesteryear rapid neutron capture.
The LIGO signal of the neutron stars was significantly longer than the signal for the dark hole merger – they could regain something for over a minute! It's because the neutron stars are a chip larger geometrically, together with then they can't larn equally close. If you lot hear them at all, you lot hear them inwards much "earlier" stages – when it comes to their distance inwards the Schwarzschild radius units – which is why this phase is longer.
Another guy, David Shoemaker, talked.
Look at the time-frequency map at the bottom – it's together with then incredibly precipitous together with thin.
The collision took house twoscore MPc away, addition minus some 20%. That's close 130 ane chiliad 1000 low-cal years away. So the effect took house "130 ane chiliad 1000 years ago" according to the cosmic time. The volume of the initial neutron stars were betwixt 0.9 together with 2.3 solar masses. That's lighter than most of the dark holes. But because the source was the closest ane together with then far, together with because the signal was much longer, a minute, they could collect the much weaker signal over many periods together with larn a meaning discovery. In fact, they collected it from 1500 orbital cycles! That huge sum of cycles allowed them to decide the parameters rather accurately.
Shoemaker says that nosotros genuinely don't know what the object became after the merger – whether it's a neutron star or a dark hole (or perchance something else).
Jo van den Brand – an official from the European Virgo-covering bureaucracy – talked afterwards. The signal was closest to Virgo together with they could locate it was inwards the Hydra constellation, equally the rumors correctly predicted. While the signal inwards Virgo was weak together with originally overlooked, the signal was nonzero together with contributed some useful information.
Julie McEnery from Fermi says that the morn of August 17th started similar some other morning. They had a breakfast, ham together with eggs, some corn flakes. She applied some lipstick etc. (I volition omit this overly technical discussion). Then they saw some gamma ray outburst which is boring, they encounter lots of those. But they forthwith got some telephone calls from LIGO together with inside a infinitesimal or two, they knew what the cracking uncovering was.
Ms McEnery emphasized that the gravitational together with electromagnetic signals traveled for 130 ane chiliad 1000 years but they came together inside 2 seconds. That implies that the speed of electromagnetic together with gravitational waves are the same inside a huge precision, thus giving us some other proof that Leslie Winkle, Lee Smolin, Sabine Hossenfelder, together with all imitation physicists of this variety is total of šit.
Another lady, Marica Branchesi, described the cooperation of the lxx observatories. So far, neutrinos weren't detected but it tin lavatory alter inwards the future. Because Hydra is inwards the Southern Hemisphere, telescopes inwards Republic of Chile were expected to matter. The observations continued for a calendar week after the merger. The primal object was unknown – but lots of thing was ejected around together with could receive got been observed for a calendar week after the merger. The Universe is enriched yesteryear gilt together with platinum together with similar heavier "helements".
The side yesteryear side speaker had to last woman someone equally well, of course, peculiarly because the Nobel prize winners were manly someone again. Vicky Kalogera. She showed some pictures of spinning neutron stars together with radio pulses coming from them (especially from pulsars). Kalogera nicely links this effect to the Hulse-Taylor pulsar, the get-go binary organisation from which the gravitational waves were detected "indirectly". The Hulse-Taylor pulsar is much closer – but the components are much farther from each other together with won't merge for many many millions of years.
Kalogera also emphasizes the gilt together with platinum – I guess this is a P.R. strategy to brand this physics genuinely attractive. Elon Musk may transportation astronauts together with inwards to a greater extent than than 280 ane chiliad 1000 years, they volition select some gilt from Hydra to us. ;-)
Seth Borenstein (AP) asked the get-go question: What was most surprising together with what didn't fit? The X-rays seemed faint together with delayed. Another, Asian ancestry journalist proposes automatic focusing of telescopes on the right places. Branchesi talks close robotic telescopes looking at "hobjects" but I don't intend she genuinely addresses the question. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 adult woman from the Washington Post asks which other astrophysics questions may last answered amongst the multi-messenger astronomy (this effect is the get-go "talking movie", equally a metaphor puts it). David Reitze answers they desire to encounter supernova explosions but goodness luck is needed – ane time inwards fifteen years is the estimate.
An cyberspace user asked whether ane tin lavatory gauge the frequency of such events from the observed sum of gilt etc. inwards the Universe. Vicky Kalogera doesn't know everything that her electromagnetic partners are hiding inwards their pockets. But she says that there's a large dubiety close the sum of gilt produced per event. But the frequency of such events starts to last estimated now. Of course, inwards our galaxy, such events entirely accept house ane time inwards tens of millions of years, together with then don't bet on such an effect yesteryear Christmas.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Greg from a radio asked close the finally state. No theatre knowledge, Shoemaker said. It could last a dark hole (by the way, it would last the smallest dark hole nosotros know together with then far), some observers said, or a neutron star or a supernova? Branchesi tried to respond a inquiry close the equation of state. Adam Smith asked whether the invisible mitt of the complimentary markets did something amongst the gilt together with platinum that was produced. ;-) They mostly recommend the later, 2nd panel, but a few words close the "helements" were said, anyway, you lot know yesteryear whom.
Shoemaker emphasized that inwards belatedly August, they declaread a One Year Vacation which should last used to growth the LIGO sensitivity yesteryear a cistron of 2 – the visible book could hence octuple (eight times larger). The futurity is bright.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 intermission betwixt 16:51 together with 17:15, Prague Summer Time. That intermission was used for some LIGO/Virgo Q&A YouTube session to last answered yesteryear some immature people. Let me cry that the Nature newspaper uses the effect to gauge the Hubble constant – equally lxx kilometers per 2nd per megaparsec, fully consistent amongst other estimates (the mistake is some 10-15%). The Hubble constant – the expansion of the Universe – is measured inwards analogy amongst the "standard candles" (supernovae that ever smooth the same) except that inwards this case, ane uses "standard sirens" (a cute term for the merging neutron stars i.e. kilonovas that ever exercise the same audio via gravitational waves). These touchstone sirens, similar touchstone candles, are combined amongst the speed extracted from the cherry-red shift.
The immature folks said lots of things, including plans to construct a LIGO inwards Bharat together with many others. Let's non forget close the space.
The 2nd panel began at 17:15 my time, indeed. Jim Ulvestad of NSF told us that already "hundreds" of papers are already submitted, including 67 papers on the arXiv but today. Lots of observatories are involved. The multi-messenger paper has 3,500 authors, slightly beating both LHC together with ATLAS separately. Hmm, I am non for certain whether these 3,500 physicists experience special plenty after this remarkable uncovering – the pose out is high, indeed. No thought who could larn a Nobel prize for this highly collective success of science. Laura Cadonati is showing some overnice colorful spiraling simulations from GR.
Andy Howell of LCO Global (robotic telescopes) presents the neutron stars equally genuinely difficult rocks. When they crash, it's a genuinely harsh collider that beats the LHC. ;-) He said that "there genuinely was a pot of gilt at the cease of the rainbow." Ryan Foley said that when he heard it from a student, he thought it was a prank. But after some time, he saw it was existent together with then he went to salvage scientific discipline on his bike. After several images, he identified the NGC 4993 galaxy because some novel source was added on a painting relatively to ane twelvemonth ago. Charlie was the get-go human who saw the optical photon from a gravitational wave, whoever is Charlie. ;-)
Ms Marcelle Soares-Santos talked close their chore to regain the source – which is faint to start amongst together with fading. It's but similar looking for the needle inwards the haystack except that the needle is fading together with the haystack is moving. ;-) Some fox amongst overlapping exposures helped. She did it fifty-fifty though she's genuinely a cosmology – nighttime materials – expert. OK, they eliminated 1,500 needle candidates. And they're for certain now. David Sand says that a 16-inch robotic telescope inwards Republic of Chile unremarkably looks for supernovae but it got a novel task. They saw this "kilonova" – a sibling of a supernova (others receive got used the word before; they tin lavatory encounter a gradual alter through all colors). Nial Tanvir talks close the "fireball" that was created. Do nosotros believe this theory? He described that they picked the infrared where a longer effect (relatively to visible light) was expected – iii weeks of observation. The theory passed the exam amongst flight infrared colors. ;-)
Edo Berger of Harvard says that this was the most speedily fading known transient inwards astronomy. Dozens of globe masses of gilt were created. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 whole history of the production of all elements was seen inwards that effect inwards ane vogue or another. Eleonora Troja of NASA's Goddard oculus (whose boss is, outrageously, Gavin Schmidt who has no clue what's going on today) says that they forthwith pointed out their UV together with X-ray telescopes together with Swift entirely saw UV, no X-rays. They waited for X-rays, anyway. Her squad used Chandra but they weren't guaranteed to encounter anything, it was a lottery ticket. They won the lottery – Chandra was the entirely ane that could encounter the weak signal together with it did. She believes that the X-rays examine that at that spot is a dark hole at the end. After some time, the Dominicus got inwards the path together with they didn't know how to shoot the Dominicus away to decease along their observations.
Alessandra Corsi of LIGO saw some dot – inwards her radio telescope, too. If you lot were listening to radio, you lot could receive got heard the neutron star merger, too. They're all the same looking at that spot (again, the merger was seen on August 17th). I guess that the lower frequencies are to a greater extent than oftentimes than non to a greater extent than long-lived after the merger. So these novel observations tell us close the interactions of the jet etc. amongst the interstellar environment. Corsi ended amongst a trained monologue ending amongst "welcome to the era of multi-messenger astronomy".
Borenstein suggests that without LIGO, it wouldn't last multi-messenger. Indeed. ;-) Has at that spot been something similar minus the gravitational moving ridge detection? The respond is basically No – it's all the same get-go – because they didn't know where to look. Second question, from the Asian ancestry man: How vivid is the galaxy? Some 1,000 times fainter than what is seen yesteryear the naked eye. How much fourth dimension they lost amongst some telescopes? Up to eleven hours. Edo Berger also says that it's a similar-size equally ours but elliptic, non spiral, together with the stars at that spot are hence older. Ulvestad says that they were lucky because both the LIGO upgrade together with the Dominicus inwards betwixt could receive got made the observation impossible.
Some questions repeated what has been said – together with written above. Someone plainly asked how to exploit the dark hole together with how to alternative the precious metals over there. ;-) The electromagnetic immature folks say that they must last grateful to the gravitational moving ridge manufacture – to a greater extent than people together with students volition last joining, too. After all this celebration of LIGO, a journalist asked why LIGO was useful at all, oops. They but wouldn't focus on this GRB because it didn't aspect exceptional. The gravitational waves made them know it was a neutron star merger.
This weblog post was written spontaneously, during the press conference, together with updated many times. Some imperfections follow from this fierce beginning of the text. I don't conception to edit it also much. If I wanted to function into to a greater extent than organized, I would in all probability prefer to start from scratch LOL.