Someone asked the next enquiry at Quora:
Does the lay out of academic papers grow faster than eyeballs are available to read them?Jay Wacker – whom I convey known at Harvard – has responded amongst a funny joke (which I volition say yous to a greater extent than concisely). "If yous stack all the papers that are written, the elevation of the pile volition displace faster than low-cal inwards two years. It looks similar a conflict amongst relativity but it isn't: relativity exclusively prohibits information from moving faster than light."
But he – as well as others – basically uniformly denounce the worry that is implicit inwards the question. Lots of people are reading papers etc. I exactly don't intend so. I would honey to know the numbers – how many readers a median newspaper inwards i or approximately other dependent has – but I've followed approximately trends as well as the approximate numbers seem to come inwards obvious that the lay out of papers grows faster than the fourth dimension inwards man-hours that people dedicate to reading them, which makes it unavoidable that every page is read past times a substantially smaller lay out of eyes than years or decades ago.
Aside from the "observational" justice – the fact that the lay out of papers genuinely goes upwards but the apparent involvement of the readers doesn't – I also notice it obvious that in that location are "theoretical" reasons why i should hold back the tendency to convey this sign, as well as likely a large magnitude. Why?
Well, people doing careers inwards enquiry are exclusively rewarded for writing papers, non for reading them. So i should hold back that this has approximately resultant – they volition tend to write them as well as non read them.
How many people convey read our today's newspaper amongst Polchinski, Higgs, Sundrum, as well as Aranov-Bohm, for example? And it's as well as then much fun! ;-)
To approximately extent, it's obvious why writing should live rewarded. One mightiness say that the writer of a paper, the active researcher, is analogous to a producer of a product, let's pick a hamburger, acre the reader is the consumer – as well as sometimes he fifty-fifty has to pay for reading (for the journals or the access to their websites).
That's all legitimate as well as the declaration that the creative people are mostly doing to a greater extent than non-trivial move than the readers, the passive players, seems to live self-evident. But inwards the enquiry context, in that location is a problem: If the author of a newspaper is fairly rewarded, i also wants the newspaper to convey approximately pregnant value or quality. And that value or character tin forcefulness out exclusively live judged past times somebody who genuinely reads the paper.
For this reason, the reading is an active as well as of import business office of the enquiry procedure every bit well: Someone has to read the papers for them to "really become" a business office of scientific discipline understood every bit a "process making lots of scientists aware of approximately facts as well as laws". The people who exercise lots of this move basically rest uncompensated – inwards particular, that applies to most reviewers as well as anonymous referees etc. – as well as I intend it's a problem.
It's a work because
- the evaluation of the papers' value as well as character becomes less accurate as well as sometimes completely detached from whatever substance
- people are ignorant of other people's papers which is why much of the move is redundant
- people aren't aware of other researchers' move which is why they may write incorrect papers, oft for years as well as decades, which depend on pretending that enquiry proving that the electrical flow newspaper is worthless doesn't exist
Concerning the source problem, much of the move – as well as funding – is beingness decided past times the people who haven't read the papers or they can't fifty-fifty read it because they're non experts. The determination makers are increasingly probable to live the laymen brainwashed past times approximately P.R. There is exactly a stunning lay out of papers as well as grant proposals that teach a huge amount of hype inwards the media read past times the laymen but that ultimately goal upwards amongst 0 or 1 citation afterwards many years. Too many people tin forcefulness out exercise good exactly past times screaming "we're the geniuses who tin forcefulness out ignore everyone else as well as yous should pay us". It may sometimes live truthful but inwards an overwhelming bulk of cases, it exactly isn't. To convey a systematically expected peril to pick the existent geniuses, yous exactly demand approximately fair competitive struggle, approximately interactions, approximately reading of other people's work! Sometimes, approximately researchers' grouping intend may acquit on the choices. But when the laymen's or P.R. agencies' grouping intend affects the outcomes, it's much worse!
Concerning the minute point, there's a lot of redundancy – mostly repeated papers. It's neat for a researcher to rediscover something but when the journals are filled amongst enquiry that isn't genuinely new, it reduces their value per page as well as makes it harder to notice the novel stuff. People should convey approximately tools to brand the organisation or sponsors aware of the claim that they could exercise things similar that every bit good – without genuinely doing so. The organisation shouldn't genuinely forcefulness the people to exercise every bit good much move that volition live institute every bit good unimportant or non novel enough.
Concerning the tertiary point, I intend that the whole existence of approximately incorrect sub-industries – left me pick loop quantum gravity every bit an obvious representative – may live blamed on the work of people's non reading the move that should live a "must" inwards their occupation.
There is a lot of difficult enquiry showing approximately full general results close symmetries inwards physics, to pick a pretty example. Global symmetries shouldn't live exact acre the gauge symmetries should live allowed to live emergent as well as the identity of the grouping should depend on the signal inwards the configuration space. Lots of the papers inwards the literature contradicts all these major findings.
What's incorrect as well as what is the logic that should ready it?
Well, I intend it's obvious that the core of the work is that the researchers inwards loop quantum gravity as well as other corners of would-be theoretical physics are exactly non upwards to their project – they are non reading the relevant papers, maybe fifty-fifty the mass of the key papers, inwards a dependent that they pretend to live theirs. They're non reading these papers because they genuinely can't; because it's to a greater extent than convenient for such people to ignore papers; as well as because in that location aren't whatever existent pressures that would force them to read those papers as well as bargain amongst them inwards approximately way.
Now, people may disagree. But scientific discipline isn't exactly approximately "fancy opinions", every bit the plastic troll of late wrote on Twitter. Science is the elaboration of hypotheses using arguments as well as evidence. When a newspaper presents reasons why purely global symmetries inwards a quantum gravitational theory shouldn't live exact as well as your newspaper contradicts this point, yous exactly shouldn't live allowed to ignore the newspaper that contradicts your work. You should address it.
In the context of approximately institutionalized science, yous should live understood to convey approximately variety of a duty to exercise so. If yous believe somebody is incorrect inwards approximately statements that are considered vital, yous should introduce evidence that the declaration yous disagree amongst is wrong. If yous don't introduce such evidence, you're non behaving quite honestly. You are genuinely obscuring as well as hiding evidence.
So for example, string theorists mostly intend that loop quantum gravity is on a completely incorrect track. And in that location are (TRF weblog posts and) papers such every bit this newspaper past times Nicolai et al. that genuinely verbalize over the loop quantum gravity every bit a serious proposal, technically, exactly similar they would approach an patently incorrect newspaper inwards string theory. And they conclude that loop quantum gravity doesn't solve whatever of the non-renormalizability problems of quantum gravity – because the lay out of ambiguities remains every bit infinite every bit it was earlier – as well as in that location are other, completely item problems.
You could say that similar "mirror image" papers be that criticize string theory. Except that they're real different. All those papers are exactly populist tirades addressed to the laymen, non experts. They're non papers of the same variety that is genuinely beingness advanced past times top-tier researchers. So the situations aren't the same. The technical as well as oft deep conceptual results of string theory as well as serious quantum gravity inwards full general are exactly beingness ignored.
I used quantum gravity enquiry but I had dozens of similar "movements" inwards theoretical physics inwards hear as well as similar problems are growing inwards most scientific disciplines. Researchers are increasingly fragmented into cliques that don't interact amongst others – as well as that increasingly struggle through P.R. agencies as well as friends inwards the media instead of the legitimate arguments inwards research-level journals. That's incorrect as well as that's unhealthy because they should interact. To exercise so, they convey to read other people's papers as well as address them whenever they're relevant. There should live incentives that encourage this business office of the work.
More generally, I also intend that the huge sets of papers inwards approximately disciplines could live as well as should live dramatically "compactified". For example, the evaluation of ATLAS as well as CMS experiments at the LHC requires approximately deep expertise but it's extremely similar inwards almost all the papers. So I intend that hundreds of papers should genuinely live merged into "one large paper" that has a shared background amongst the methods, as well as diverse results every bit "applications of the methods inwards many cases" described inwards much to a greater extent than concise ways. Or somebody should create a much improve organisation to organize the papers as well as notice what yous want. This variety of "smart secretary" move could live to a greater extent than useful than dozens of novel papers of a certainly kind. I lift this representative because I am afraid that the lay out of readers of an LHC newspaper is genuinely much lower than the lay out of authors.