A Fleck From Nokia Bell Labs Touches The Shannon Limit

Around 2000, I bought several computers together with printers from Hewlett-Packard together with that fellowship was naturally overrepresented inwards my perspective on the tech world. Well, since 2007, it's been Finnish Nokia – a previously non-existent company. I convey used the Nokia 1600 dumbphone for years, before switching to Nokia Lumia 520. And I silent recollect that fifty-fifty this (now extremely cheap) telephone was improve inwards many ways than my electrical flow otherwise swell Xiaomi Android phone.

The buy of the smartphone department of Nokia yesteryear Microsoft was promising but ended equally a fiscal failure. However, the Nokia build got resuscitated. These days, Nokia is earning 90% of its profits from equipment to transfer information over the Internet. That's because Nokia bought Alcatel-Lucent some 2+ years ago.

The Bell Labs' theoretical physics center was formally abolished but equally far equally I tin see, they perish on on doing scientifically high-brow materials which was some other argue (along with my exposure to the products above; together with the grooming of the 5G networks) why I bought a nontrivial sum of Nokia stocks together with you lot should consider the same. (The cost of the stock dropped yesteryear a component of 5 since iPhones stole the fame from Nokia.)




Nokia, Ericsson, together with Huawei are the iii master copy companies that are upgrading the mobile information across the earth from 4G/LTE to 5G/NR (NR stands for "New Radio") together with Nokia is arguably the most advanced ane alongside the three. Recently, Nokia successfully completed several tests together with announced that the 5G networks volition starting fourth dimension to spread on semi-commercial footing already inwards 2018, a twelvemonth before the previous expectations.

The places which volition live on fast including the U.S., China, together with Korea – together with our socialist Europe volition live on the slowest portion inwards the world. On the other hand, Czech Republic made a special contract with Nokia together with tests to innovate 5G inwards Czech Republic volition starting fourth dimension inwards September or earlier.




Days ago, Nokia announced a new chip that does the "modulation" of the signals inwards optical fibers inwards a clever plenty way together with so that it approaches the Shannon theoretical limit. Shannon is a TRF reader together with the Shannon entropy together with limits are diverse expressions that include a weighted average of logarithms. Existing subsea fibers volition thus of a abrupt increase their capacity inwards a twelvemonth or so.

The fox that allows Nokia to approach the theoretical bound – i.e. squash equally much information to the fibers (per wavelength) equally theoretically possible – is known equally the PCS or Probabilistic Constellation Shaping. Click at the hyperlink together with appear at the arXiv preprints close it. One needs to create practise against the dissonance but sure as shooting features of the modulation are to a greater extent than immune towards the dissonance (especially "low-frequency modifications") together with this fact may live on used – you lot may heart the information selectively to these noise-immune features. The describing word "probabilistic" (synonymously "adaptive") agency that the parameters determining how much of the information is pushed "where" is optimized inwards some way.

At whatever rate, I am persuaded to believe that the Nokia Bell Labs employ some of the world's best experts inwards the Shannon-style scientific discipline close the transmission of information which is a "pretty much scientific" branch of engineering. The fact that they larn rattling precisely about the Shannon bound agency that in that location won't actually live on whatever pregnant room for improvements. If you lot exclusively cared close the efficiency with which your optical fibers transmit the information, the equipment from Nokia could rattling good live on "the final ones".

The switch from 4G to 5G could live on fun – the bandwidths are expected to increase yesteryear a component of 100. These high capacities are course of needed for self-driving cars together with like applications. These novel networks would live on much less useful if ane weren't dividing the information going through the wires according to the type inwards diverse ways. One obvious holding of the information that makes it "necessary to violate the neutrality" is only the tolerable delay. Some information must larn inwards inside milliseconds, others may live on delayed upward to a few seconds (e.g. streaming video that is buffered).

I recollect that Nokia is ane of the companies that is contributing to some high-brow scientifically loaded progress – together with a practically consequential progress – that is nonetheless extremely underestimated yesteryear the mainstream media together with like venues.